The interrelationships among the formal, semiformal and informal credit demands of farm households in Vietnam

Purpose This study simultaneously explores the nexus among formal, semiformal and informal credit markets farm households' demand determinants in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach uses a multistage stratified random sampling process for survey of 648 smallholder farmers Red River Delta (RRD), The trivariate probit model (TVPM) is used to address interdependence demands different markets. Findings results reveal complementary relationships two pairs (formal versus informal). There are dissimilarities (household characteristics, household head's history geographic factors) markets, reflecting segmentation Vietnam Practical implications study's empirical findings important policymakers providers enhance access agriculture improve operations three Originality/value first one few other developing countries exploring interrelationships all provide more comprehensive accurate results.